The virus is one of the members of the poxvirus group family poxviridae. Smallpox arrived in the new world with columbus and cortes, and it devastated native american populations who had no immunities to the virus. Poxviruses members of the poxviridae family can infect both humans and animals. Variola adalah penyakit virus yang disertai keadaan umum yang buruk menyebabkan manifestasi klinis berat dan dapat mengakibatkan kematian 2. World health organization fiftysecond world health assembly a525 provisional agenda item 15 april 1999 smallpox eradication. Understanding of the biology of variola virus assessment. Penyakit ini dikenal dengan nama latinnya, variola atau variola vera, yang berasal dari kata latin varius, yang berarti berbintik, atau varus yang artinya jerawat variola muncul pada pembuluh darah kecil di kulit serta di mulut dan kerongkongan. Download premium images you cant get anywhere else. Smallpox is caused by variola virus, a brickshaped, deoxyribonucleic acidcontaining member of the poxviridae family. Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus it is transmitted from animals to humans and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease with two main forms, variola major and variola minor, both of which cause similar lesions footnote 1. Nipah virus niv is a member of the family paramyxoviridae, genus henipavirus.
Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the genus orthopoxvirus, in the poxviridae family see the image below. It belongs to the orthopox subfamily of poxviridae, has monopartite ds dna with a capsid having complex morphology, and is enveloped. Variola virus smallpox background smallpox is a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus. The orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus the cause of smallpox, vaccinia virus used in the smallpox vaccine, and cowpox virus2. Variola virus definition of variola virus by medical dictionary.
Virus wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Virus hanya dapat bereplikasi di dalam sel makhluk hidup karena virus tidak memiliki perlengkapan seluler untuk bereproduksi sendiri. A comprehensive database of more than 42 virus quizzes online, test your knowledge with virus quiz questions. Poxviridae viral particles virions are generally enveloped external enveloped virion, though the intracellular mature virion form of the virus, which contains different envelope, is also infectious. Semua bentuk kehidupan dapat diinfeksi oleh virus, mulai dari hewan, tumbuhan, hingga bakteri dan arkea. Nov 08, 2019 poxviruses members of the poxviridae family can infect both humans and animals. The vials labeled variola, commonly known as smallpox, were discovered july 1 on the campus of the national institutes of health in bethesda, by surprised employees preparing for an upcoming move.
Smallpox is caused by 1 of 2 closely related strains. Assessment of future scientific needs for live variola virus. Variola virus or variola major virus is the virus that causes smallpox. Diseases associated with this family include smallpox.
They vary in their shape depending upon the species but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. Smallpox is an infection caused by the variola virus. Variola minor infection known as alastrim causes fewer systemic symptoms, a less extensive rash, less scarring, and fewer fatalities. It is recognized that such sources of variola virus dna exist in many laboratories around the world. Cacar disebut variola atau variola vera, berasal dari kata latin varius yang berarti bercak, atau gelembung kulit. The variola virus is a large, double stranded dna virus that is the causative agent of smallpox. Inactivation of the closely related vaccinia virus below the limit of detection was demonstrated in one study that used 6 logs of virus with pasteurization, caprylate, and solventdetergent treatments. The term pathogenesis is used to describe the mechanisms involved in the production of disease, from the spread of infection through the body to the molecular and physiological responses of host cells to a pathogen. Istilah virus biasanya digunakan pada jenis virus yang menginfeksi selsel eukariota. Variola virus smallpox the johns hopkins center for health. The genus orthopoxvirus also contains three species of zoonotic viruses pathogenic for humans, namely, monkeypox virus mpxv, cowpox virus cpxv, and vaccinia virus vacv. Virions are shaped like bricks on electron micrographs and.
Thousands of years ago, variola virus smallpox virus emerged and began causing illness and deaths in human populations, with smallpox outbreaks occurring from time to time. Advisory committee for variola virus research the advisory committee for variola virus research acvvr was established in 1999 to oversee all research using live variola virus, as well as to provide scientific advice on smallpox research in compliance with resolution wha 52. The virus particle is brick shaped and contains a double strand of deoxyribonucleic acid. Yatapoxviruses include tanapox virus and yabapoxviruses.
Other prevention measures smallpox vaccinia vaccination for atrisk persons suggested reading. Variola virus genomes database search results from the poxvirus bioinformatics resource center virus pathogen database and analysis resource vipr. There are no natural animal carriers nor natural propagation of variola outside the human body. Smallpox is a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus. Niv was initially isolated and identified in 1999 during an outbreak of encephalitis and respiratory illness among pig farmers and people with close contact with pigs in malaysia and singapore. Immune response is the constellation of mechanisms by which the host limits continued multiplication of the pathogen. In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic subclinical infection to acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis. Smallpox vaccine contains vaccinia virus, not variola virus. Jul 08, 2014 the vials labeled variola, commonly known as smallpox, were discovered july 1 on the campus of the national institutes of health in bethesda, by surprised employees preparing for an upcoming move.
Variola hemorrhagica definition of variola hemorrhagica. Because of the absence of an animal vector, communities had to reach a critical population. Variola virus definition of variola virus by medical. Vaccination at 4 to 7 days after exposure likely offers some protection from disease or may modify the severity of disease. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in october 1977, and the world health organization who certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980. Meningitis adalah peradangan yang terjadi pada meningen, yaitu lapisan pelindung yang menyelimuti otak dan saraf tulang belakang. Early symptoms are vague, including fever, headache, and. Find highquality smallpox virus stock photos and editorial news pictures from getty images. The causative agent of smallpox is variola virus varv, a member of the genus orthopoxvirus, family poxviridae. It gets its name from the latin word for spotted, referring to the raised, pustular bumps that break out over the face and.
Meningitis dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, virus, jamur, atau parasit. Variola virus footnote 1, footnote 2 synonym or cross reference. Jul 08, 2014 in a lab store room, an unsettling surprise. Arvin, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. Over 80 of these proteins are located in the terminal regions of the genome, where proteins associated with host immune evasion are encoded. Thanks to the success of vaccination, the last natural outbreak of smallpox in the united states occurred in 1949. A knowledge resource to understand virus diversity. Humans, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as natural hosts. Following a global vaccination campaign led by the world health. Variola virus is the most complex of the orthopoxvirus genus, having many different strains footnote 6, footnote 7. Varicella zoster virus is a human herpesvirus that causes chickenpox during primary infection, stays latent in sensory ganglia, and may reactivate as hz. It was estimated to have infected 300 million people in the 20th century before it became the only human infectious disease ever to be completely eradicated. From ancient egypt and greece, to china and the americas, it has killed countless millions for centuries. Variola minor is also known as variola alastrim and is another virus that causes smallpox, along with variola major.
Smallpox atau variola atau cacar merupakan penyakit menular akut yang disebabkan oleh virus poks pox virus variolae 1,7. Who advisory committee on variola virus research world health. Meningitis gejala, penyebab dan mengobati alodokter. Variola virus article about variola virus by the free. It is a single, linear, doublestranded dna virus and is characteristically a brickshaped structure with a diameter of about 200 nm under the electron microscope. Nih official policies, are made available as manual chapters mc. Smallpox is caused by variola viruses, which are large, enveloped. In 1980, the world health assembly declared smallpox. The same virus also causes herpes zoster shingles in adults. Meningitis terkadang sulit dikenali, karena penyakit ini memiliki gejala awal yang serupa dengan flu, seperti demam dan sakit kepala.
The variola virus is among the most dangerous of all the potential biological weapons. The risk of death following contracting the disease was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Two different strains of variola virus are known and associated with two varieties of smallpox. However, earlier recommendations have been made that pcr amplification of variola virus dna followed by its subsequent expression by other orthopoxvirus vectors should be prohibited. Lost vials of smallpox scientists at the national institutes of health made an unpleasant discovery as they cleaned out an old laboratory. Our online virus trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top virus quizzes. Nov 11, 2019 smallpox is an acute, contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the genus orthopoxvirus, in the poxviridae family see the image below. A lessvirulent form of smallpox, called alastrim, is caused by a closely related virus known as variola minor. The global eradication of smallpox was confirmed in. Smallpox, a highly contagious and frequently fatal viral disease characterized by a biphasic doublehumped fever and a distinctive skin rash that if the patient survived left pock marks in its wake. Smallpox, varv, and variola minor virus strains alastrim, amass, or kaffir viruses footnote 1, footnote 2, footnote 3 characteristics. To date, only two variola proteins have been characterized. Chickenpox is a disease caused by varicellazoster, a virus that is easily spread from one person to another by touching the open sores, sneezing or coughing. Smallpox is caused by the agent referred to as the variola virus varv, which belongs to the genus orthopoxvirus.
The 2 viruses are indistinguishable except by polymerase chain reaction pcr testing. Immune response is the constellation of mechanisms by which the host limits. Smallpox information and facts national geographic. Poxviridae artikel bertopik penyakit ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Smallpox is a deadly disease caused by the variola virus. Virologists have speculated that it evolved from an african rodent poxvirus 10 millennia ago. A member of the family poxviridae, subfamily chordopoxvirinae, genus orthopoxvirus. Such prohibition should also apply to the chemical synthesis of variola virus dna. The english physician edward jenner 17491823 exploited the fact that cowpox created immunity to smallpox and successfully developed an attenuated weakened virus vaccine for smallpox. Variola minor virus definition of variola minor virus by.
Smallpox vials discovered in lab storage room, cdc says. It is an incredibly serious disease with a fatality rate near 30%. Variola hemorrhagica definition of variola hemorrhagica by. Penyakit ini dikenal dengan nama latinnya, variola atau variola vera, yang berasal dari kata latin varius, yang berarti berbintik, atau varus yang artinya jerawat. Varicella zoster virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Virus adalah mikroorganisme patogen yang menginfeksi sel makhluk hidup.
Variola atau cacar adalah penyakit menular pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh virus variola major atau variola minor. Apr 09, 2020 meningitis adalah peradangan yang terjadi pada meningen, yaitu lapisan pelindung yang menyelimuti otak dan saraf tulang belakang. Smallpox arrived in the new world with columbus and cortes, and it devastated native american populations who had no. The orthopoxviruses include smallpox variola, monkeypox, vaccinia, cowpox, buffalopox, cantagalo, and aracatuba viruses. Understanding of the biology of variola virus assessment of. Therefore, the basics of viral replication, determinants of viral virulence, and pathogenesis of the disease are not as well understood as they are for other pathogens. There are currently 69 species in this family, divided among 28 genera, which are divided into two subfamilies. Variola virus emory environmental health and safety office. The parapoxviruses include orf virus, bovine papular stomatitis virus, pseudocowpox virus, deerpox virus, and sealpox virus. Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, encodes approximately 200 proteins.
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